Demographic and Health Survey, 2003
Fourth Round
Nigeria, 2003
Identification
NGA-NPC-DHS-2003-v1.0
Demographic and Health Survey, 2003
Fourth Round
DHS-2003
No translation
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nigeria | NGA |
Demographic and Health Survey, Round 4 [hh/dhs-4]
The first attempt at a population census in Nigeria was in 1866. Subsequent censuses before
1952, such as 1911 and 1922, were restricted to some sections of the country. The 1952-53 enumeration was the first nationwide census.
The first postindependence census conducted in 1962 was cancelled because of alleged irregularities in its conduct. Another census conducted in 1963 was officially accepted.
Before the advent of the civilian administration in 1999, Nigeria had a large public sector, comprising over 550 public enterprises in most sectors of the economy and dominating activities in power, telecommunication, petroleum, and steel sectors. The public enterprise sector accounts for an estimated 50 percent of the total GDP, 57 percent of investments, and two thirds of formal sector employment.
Like other developing countries, the civilian administration in Nigeria has recognized the importance of privatization in the restructuring of its economy. The country embarked on a broader economic reform and liberalization programme designed to restore macroeconomic stability, achieve faster sustainable growth, raise living standards, and reduce poverty.
The reform programme was also aimed at promoting greater private sector participation in economic activity, and it included the maintenance of sound macroeconomic policies, as well as deregulation, with emphasis on power, telecommunications, and downstream petroleum sectors. It is too early to determine the impact of privatization and liberalization on the Nigerian economy. However, it is believed that these economic policy reforms, combined with investments in human resources and physical infrastructure, as well as the establishment of macroeconomic stability and good governance, are essential to achieve a high rate of self-sustaining, long-term economic growth.
The 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2003 NDHS) is the third national Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in a series under the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys programme. The first Nigeria DHS survey was conducted in 1990. Funding for the 2003 NDHS survey was provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID/Nigeria), while technical assistance was provided by ORC Macro. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) also provided logistical support. Fieldwork for the survey took place between March and September 2003 in selected clusters nationwide.
The major objective of the 2003 NDHS, which is a follow-up to the 1999 NDHS, is to obtain and provide information on fertility, fertility preferences, use and knowledge of family planning methods, maternal and childhood health, maternal and childhood mortality, breastfeeding practices, nutrition, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and other health issues. Compared with the 1999 NDHS, the 2003 NDHS has a wider scope. For example, unlike the 1999 survey, the 2003 survey includes a module on malaria and
another on testing for salt. In addition, the 2003 data are geo-referenced to allow for more detailed geographical analysis. Other innovations of the 2003 NDHS include the concurrent processing of data even as fieldwork was ongoing.
This innovation served a dual purpose by facilitating field checks for errors and hastening the process of data entry and analysis. As may be expected, the findings of the 2003 NDHS are more comprehensive than findings for the two previous DHS surveys conducted in the country. Indeed, the production of the survey report within nine months after the completion of fieldwork is unprecedented, making the findings the most timely and up to date. The enforcement of standards and consistency and a response rate of more than 90 percent also make the findings very reliable. In addition to presenting national estimates, the report provides estimates of key indicators of fertility, mortality, and health for rural and urban areas in Nigeria and for the six geo-political zones.
Overall, the report provides information on a number of key topics to guide planners, policymakers, programme managers and researchers in the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of population and health programmes in Nigeria.Highlights of the 2003 NDHS indicate on the one hand a national total fertility rate of 5.7, and on the other hand, a national infant mortality rate of 100 deaths per 1,000 live births and an under-five mortality rate of 203 deaths per 1,000 live births. The gap between knowledge and use of family planning methods is still wide. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS remains high. The unprecedented success of the 2003 NDHS was made possible by the contributions of a number of organizations and individuals.
the survey.
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Individuals, Households
Version
Version 1.0 (June, 2010)
2004-04-01
This is the first version of metadata documentation since the production of the suvery report
Scope
The 2008 Demographic and Health Survey was designed to provide estimates for key indicators such as:
HOUSEHOLD: The household questionnaire (see External resources)f or demographic and Health Survey, 2008 included a schedule for collecting household characteristics,demographic and socioeconomic information e.g age, sex, educational attainment, and current school attendance dwelling characteristics, source of water supply, and sanitation facilities and household possessions, and some neglected tropical diseases that affect the population of Nigeria.
MEN: The men questionnaire (see External resources) for demographic and Health Survey, 2008 model men data respondent background, reproduction, contraception marriage and sexual activity, fertility preference, employment and gender roles, HIV/AIDS, other health issues and adult mortality.
WOMEN: The women questionnaire (see External resources) f or demographic and Health Survey, 2008 included select demographic and health outcomes, e.g contraceptive use and the receipt of health care services during pregnancy, at delivery, and in the postnatal period, fertility, infant and child mortality immunization levels use of family planning breastfeeding practices nutritional status of mothers and young children use of mosquito nets, female genital cutting, maternal and child health domestic violence and sexual activity and awareness behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections in Nigeria.
Also included Information on children like birth weight, child vaccinations, and treatment practices for children who have the three most common childhood diseases: acute respiratory infection (ARI), fever, and diarrhoea. Many early childhood deaths can be prevented by immunising children against preventable diseases and by ensuring that children receive prompt and appropriate treatment.
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| economic conditions and indicators [1.2] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| economic systems and development [1.4] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| rural economics [1.6] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| employment [3.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| unemployment [3.5] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| working conditions [3.6] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| basic skills education [6.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| compulsory and pre-school education [6.2] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| general health [8.4] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| health care and medical treatment [8.5] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| children [12.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| elderly [12.2] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| gender and gender roles [12.6] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| youth [12.10] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| religion and values [13.5] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| censuses [14.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| fertility [14.2] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| morbidity and mortality [14.4] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
Coverage
National Zone State
Household member
Household members Women's age 15-49 Men age 15-59 Children ages 0 - 5
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Population Commission (NPC) | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United States Agency for International Development in Nigeria | United States Government, | Support |
| United Nations Children’s Fund | United States Government, | Support |
| ICF Macro | Calverton, Maryland, USA | Technical assistance |
| PARIS21 | Metadata Producer | |
| National Bureau of Statistics | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | Metadata Documentation |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief | PEPFAR | funding |
| United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA | funding |
| MEASURE DHS Project | MEASURE | funding |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Federal Ministry of Health | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | Support |
| National Bureau of Statistics, | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | Support |
| Akintola Williams Deloitte | Accounting and disbursement services |
Sampling
The primary sampling unit (PSU), or cluster, for the 2003 NDHS is defined as one or more EAs from the 1991 census frame. A minimum requirement of 50 households per cluster was imposed on the
design; in the case of less than 50 households, a contiguous EA was added. The number of clusters in each state was not allocated in proportion to the state's population because of the need to obtain estimates for each of the six zones. Since Nigeria is a country where the majority of the population resides in rural areas, the number of clusters allocated to the urban areas in five out of the six zones was increased in order to obtain reasonable urban estimates.
The target of the 2003 NDHS sample was to obtain completed interviews with about 8,250 women. Based on the level of nonresponse found in the 1999 Nigeria DHS survey, a target of 7,935
households was set. When the sample was implemented, three clusters could not be visited because of communal clashes, so 7,864 households were selected, in which all women age 15-49 were eligible to be interviewed. To obtain estimates of fertility and child mortality with a reasonable level of precision, a minimum of 1,200 completed interviews with women was desired in each zone. In each state, the number of households was not distributed proportionally between urban and rural areas. Also, in six designated states, a minimum of 350 completed interviews were targeted to provide selected indicators.
The 2003 NDHS sample was selected using a stratified, two-stage cluster design. A total of 365 clusters were selected, 165 in urban and 200 in rural areas. Table A.1 shows the distribution of clusters
selected for the 2003 NDHS. Once the number of households was allocated to each state by urban and rural areas, the numbers of clusters was calculated based on an average sample take of 20 completed women's interviews (in 19 selected households) in urban areas, and 25 completed interviews (in 24 selected households) in rural areas. In each urban or rural area in a given state, clusters were selected systematically with equal probability. The selection was done using the following formula:
In every third household selected, all men age 15-59 listed in the household were eligible to be interviewed. Based on data from the 1999 NDHS, this was expected to produce a total of about 2,800 successfully completed male interviews in the 2003 NDHS.
NOTE:
See the formula page 233 and more about the sampling procedure in table A1 page 232 in the report attached in external resources.
No deviation was reported in the survey report use for the documentation.
The household and individual response rates for the 2003 NDHS. A total of 7,864 households were selected for the sample, of which 7,327 were found.
The shortfall is largely due to structures that were found to be vacant. Of the 7,327 existing households, 7,225 were successfully interviewed, yielding a household response rate of 99 percent. In these households, 7,985 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview. Interviews were completed with 95 percent of them. Of the 2,572 eligible men identified, 91 percent were successfully interviewed.
There is little difference between urban and rural response rates.
NOTE:
Results of the household and individual interviews response rates for the 2003 NDHS are shown in Table 1.2 in the report page 36 attached as external resources.
Survey instrument
Three questionnaires were used for the 2003 NDHS:
The Household Questionnaire
The Women's Questionnaire age 15-49
The Men's Questionnaire age 15-59.
The content of these questionnaires was based on the model questionnaires developed by the MEASURE DHS+ programme for use in countries with low levels of contraceptive use.
The adapted questionnaires were translated from English into the three major languages (Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba) and pretested during November 2002.
This innovation served a dual purpose by facilitating field checks for errors and hastening the process of data entry and analysis. As may be expected, the findings of the 2003 NDHS are more comprehensive than findings for the two previous DHS surveys conducted in the country. Indeed, the production of the survey report within nine months after the completion of fieldwork is unprecedented, making the findings the most timely and up to date. The enforcement of standards and consistency and a response rate of more than 90 percent also make the findings very reliable. In addition to presenting national estimates, the report provides estimates of key indicators of fertility, mortality, and health for rural and urban areas in Nigeria and for the six geo-political zones.
The processing of the 2003 NDHS results began shortly after the fieldwork commenced. Com The field editor and supervisor would also sit in on interviews periodically.
Twelve staff assigned from the NPC coordinated fieldwork activities and visited the teams at regular intervals to monitor the work. In addition, quality control personnel independently reinterviewed selected households after the departure of the teams.
These checks were performed periodically through the duration of the fieldwork. ORC Macro also participated in field supervision.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2003-03-03 | 2003-08-05 | Five months |
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 2008 | 5 years |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| National Population Commission | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | NPC |
Fieldwork for the 2003 NDHS took place over a five-month period, from March to August 2003. Twelve interviewing teams carried out data collection. Each team consisted of one team supervisor, onefield editor, four female interviewers, one male interviewer, and one driver. Special care was taken to monitor the quality of data collection. First, the field editor was responsible for reviewing all questionnaires for quality and consistency before the team’s departure from the cluster. The field editor and supervisor
would also sit in on interviews periodically.
Twelve staff assigned from the NPC coordinated fieldwork activities and visited the teams at regular intervals to monitor the work. In addition, quality control personnel independently reinterviewed selected households after the departure of the teams. These checks were performed periodically through the duration of the fieldwork. ORC Macro also participated in field supervision.
Over 100 people were recruited by the NPC to serve as supervisors, field editors, male and female interviewers, quality control personnel, and reserve interviewers. Efforts were made to recruit highcalibre personnel who came from all of the 36 states and the FCT to ensure appropriate linguistic and cultural
diversity. They all participated in the main interviewer training, which was conducted from February 17 to March 8, 2003. The training was conducted in English and included lectures, presentations by outside experts, practical demonstrations, and practice interviewing in small groups.
The practice interviews were conducted in the languages that the questionnaires were translated into: English, Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba.
Practice in certain less common dialects was also accomplished by translating directly from the English questionnaires. All of the field staff participated in three days of field practice. Finally, a series of special lectures was held specifically for the group comprising supervisors, field editors, quality control
personnel, and field coordinators.
Fieldwork for the 2003 NDHS took place over a five-month period, from March to August 2003.
Twelve interviewing teams carried out data collection. Each team consisted of one team supervisor, one field editor, four female interviewers, one male interviewer, and one driver. Special care was taken to monitor the quality of data collection. First, the field editor was responsible for reviewing all questionnaires
for quality and consistency before the team's departure from the cluster.
Data processing
The processing of the 2003 NDHS results began shortly after the fieldwork commenced. Completed questionnaires were returned periodically from the field to NPC headquarters in Abuja, where they were entered and edited by data processing personnel who were specially trained for this task.
The data processing personnel included two supervisors, a questionnaire administrator (who ensured that the expected numbers of questionnaires from all clusters were received), three office editors, 12 data entry operators, and a secondary editor.
The concurrent processing of the data was an advantage since the NPC was able to advise field teams of problems detected during the data entry. In particular, tables were generated to check various data quality parameters. As a result, specific feedback was given to the teams to improve performance. The data entry and editing phase of the survey was completed in September 2003
Data appraisal
Sampling errors for the 2003 NDHS are calculated for selected variables considered to be of primary interest for woman's survey and for man's surveys, respectively. The results are presented in this appendix for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the 6 regions. For each variable, the type of statistic (mean, proportion, or rate) and the base population are given in Table B.1.
Tables B.2 to B.10 present the value of the statistic (R), its standard error (SE), the number of unweighted (N) and weighted (WN) cases, the design effect (DEFT), the relative standard error (SE/R), and the 95 percent confidence limits (R±2SE), for each variable. The DEFT is considered undefined when the standard error considering simple random sample is zero (when the estimate is close to 0 or 1).
In the case of the total fertility rate, the number of unweighted cases is not relevant, as there is no known unweighted value for woman-years of exposure to childbearing. The confidence interval (e.g., as calculated for children ever born to women aged 40-49) can be interpreted as follows: the overall average from the national sample is 6.808 and its standard error is 0.134.
Therefore, to obtain the 95 percent confidence limits, one adds and subtracts twice the standard error to the sample estimate, i.e., 6.808±2×0.134. There is a high probability (95 percent) that the true average number of children ever born to all women aged 40 to 49 is between 6.540 and 7.077.
Sampling errors are analyzed for the national woman sample and for two separate groups of estimates:
(1) means and proportions, and
(2) complex demographic rates.
The relative standard errors (SE/R) for the means and proportions range between 1.1 percent and 32.7 percent with an average of 6.36
percent; the highest relative standard errors are for estimates of very low values (e.g., currently using female sterilization). If estimates of very low values (less than 10 percent) were removed, then the average drops to 4.2 percent. So in general, the relative standard error for most estimates for the country as a whole is small, except for estimates of very small proportions. The relative standard error for the total fertility rate is small, 2.5 percent. However, for the mortality rates, the average relative standard error is much higher, 6.04 percent.
There are differentials in the relative standard error for the estimates of sub-populations. For example, for the variable want no more children, the relative standard errors as a percent of the estimated mean for the whole country, and for the urban areas are 4.9 percent and 6.1 percent, respectively. For the total sample, the value of the design effect (DEFT), averaged over all variables, is 1.78 which means that, due to multi-stage clustering of the sample, the average standard error is increased by a factor of 1.78 over that in an equivalent simple random sample.
Note: Further table on this can be seen in Appendix Bs page 239 to 248 in the report attached to external resources.
Data quality tables in Appendix D in the report attached to external resources.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MEASURE DHS Project, ICF Macro | United States Government | http://www.measuredhs.com. | reports@macrointernational.com |
| National Population Commission (NPC) | Fedral Government of Nigeria (FGN) |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) |
A comprehensive data access policy is not avaliable as at the time of documentation.
National Population Commission (NPC), Demographic and Health Survey, DHS-2008-v1.0
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
(c)NPC 2010
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Project Director | Fedral Government of Nigeria (FGN) | saligar58@yahoo.com | |
| MEASURE DHS Project, ICF Macro | United States Government | reports@macrointernational.com | http://www.measuredhs.com. |
| Secretary, NHREC | Fedral Government of Nigeria (FGN) | secretary@nhrec.net | |
| Desk Officer, NHREC | Fedral Government of Nigeria (FGN) | deskofficer@nhrec.net |
Metadata production
DDI-NGA-NBS-DHS-2010-v1.0
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | NBS | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | Metadata Producer |
2010-06-24
Metadata version
Version 1.0 (June, 2010)