Nigeria Forced Labour Survey 2022
First round
Nigeria, 2022
Get MicrodataIdentification
NGA-NBS-NFLS-2022-v01
Nigeria Forced Labour Survey 2022
First round
NFLS 2022
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nigeria | NGA |
Labor Force Survey [hh/lfs]
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, with an estimated population of over 200 million.Based on the Nigeria Living Standards Survey2018-19, 40.1 per cent of this population (over 82 million people) live in poverty.Nigeria became an Alliance 8.7 pathfinder country in May 2021 as an expression of its commitment to achieve the SDG 8.7 to end child labour by 2025 and forced labour and human trafficking by 2030.
According to the latest global estimates, 25 million adults and children are in forced labour, including in global supply chains. Nigeria ratified several UN conventions with focus on eliminating forced labour, such as: the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No.29),ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No.105), and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime (2000). In line with the conventions, Section 34 of the 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, as amended, prohibits forced and compulsory labour for any employer. Any employer found guilty, the amendments attract penalty fees, fine, imprisonment or both.
To assess the prevalence of forced labour and to understand the root causes and determinants of these human rights violations, the Federal Republic of Nigeria, through the support of the ILO’s projects ACCEL Africa1 and MAP16,2 funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and the United States Department of Labour, respectively, conducted in 2022, for the first time in its history, a national child labour and forced labour survey.The National Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment with technical support from ILO FUNDAMENTALS technical experts at the global, regional and national level, coordinated the survey from the stages of the design of survey instruments (e.g., questionnaires and sampling methods), the training of the field data collection personnel, the analysis of the survey data, interpretation of the findings and report writing.
The main purpose of this survey is to improve information on forced labour through data collection and in-depth analysis. The survey generated valid and reliable data on forced labour for the development of effective interventions and provision of important tools for designing, implementing, and monitoring effective policies and programmes to eradicate forced labour in Nigeria.
The survey has the following objectives:
- To assess the prevalence of forced labour among the adult population, to promote policies that aim at reducing forced labour, protecting the vulnerable and better supporting victims.
-To contribute to Nigeria’s commitment to SDG target 8.7 to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour.
-To produce, present and disseminate to all stakeholders, a robust analysis of forced labour among Nigerian adult population, enhancing the knowledge and understanding required to promote sustainable actions against this practice.
In line with the above objectives, the survey module focussed on retrospective experience of adults, i.e., 18 years or older, in forced labour. The questionnaire covered forced labour experiences both in Nigeria and abroad.
It also captured information on the following:
-Demographic characteristics and socio-economic background of people who are victims of forced labour: age, gender, ethnicity, region of origin, educational level, among others.
-Characteristics of forced labour among the adult population: types and forms of forced labour, sector of work, working conditions andworkplace environment, circumstances of involuntary work and means of recruitment and coercion.
This report is made up of seven chapters with its content covering: definitions of forced labour according to the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), legal standards backing the eradication of forced labour, national laws, measurements for statistical purposes, forced labour prevalence (Instantaneous estimates) among the adult population in Nigeria or abroad in the last five years, and sectoral composition of forced labour aggregated by economic activities and the overall population. The report also discussed the circumstances leading to involuntariness, means of recruitment and coercion, household, and community factors, correlated with forced labour and country (i.e., Nigeria or abroad) in which forced labour occurred.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Individuals members 18 years of age and older within Households.
Version
v1.0 anonymized microdata
2022-05-08
This dataset is the cleaned anonymized dataset of the Nigeria Forced Labour Survey 2022
Scope
The Forced Labour Survey covered the following subject areas:
• Identification
• Household Roster and Demographic
• Education
• Forced Labour
• Housing
| Topic |
|---|
| Forced Labour |
Coverage
The National Forced Labour Survey is a household- based survey; the target population comprises households and individuals 18 years of age and older within households. It was conducted as a module in the child labour survey. The forced labour survey component is primarily concerned with persons subjected to work against their will or forced to work in a job they accepted under false promises, or to perform some tasks because of violence or threats. The survey was carried out to produce estimates at the national, regional and
state levels.
A total of 16,650 households from 1,110 enumeration areas (EAs) distributed across Nigeria's 36 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja were targeted. It covered both urban and rural households.
The target population comprises households and individuals 18 years of age and older within households subjected to work against their will or forced to work in a job they accepted under false promises, or to perform some tasks because of violence or threats
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| International Labour Organisation | Funding and Technical Support | |
| Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | Technical Support |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| International Labour Organisation | ILO | Funding |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Government of the Netherlands | Funding |
| United States Department of Labor (USDOL) | Funding |
Sampling
The sample design for the survey was based on the National Integrated Survey of Households (NISH) master sample design developed by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of Nigeria. This was developed from the frame of EAs demarcated by the National Population Commission for the 2006 housing and population census. The NISH design employed a replicated sampling design,a technique by which many samples (replicates) were selected independently from a population such that each replicate sample represents the population.
Basically, the NISH sample design is a two-stage, replicated and rotated cluster sample design with EAs as the primary sampling units, and households as the secondary sampling units. Generally, for each state of the Federation and the FCT, the NISH master sample is made up of 200 EAs drawn into 20 replicates. A replicate consists of ten EAs.
The calculation of the sample size used the design effect of 1.2. Other parameters for the sample size calculation included the predicted value of the prevalence rate (40 per cent); the relative margin of error at 95 per cent confidence (5 per cent); the proportion of the target population in the base population (36.1 per cent); the average household size (5.1); and the expected response rate of households (95 per cent). The sample size of the survey was designed to provide state estimates of the prevalence of child labour with standard errors of about 1 per cent [rRME/2 = 40%5%/2 = 1%] under simple random sampling (RME = relative margin of error).
The sample design of the survey was based on a stratified two-stage sampling technique. In the first stage of sampling, 30 EAs were selected as part of a master sample in each of the 36 states and the FCT. In total, 1,110 EAs formed the primary sampling units of the survey. In the second stage, 15 households were systematically selected in each of the EAs. The target sample size was 16,650 households. All adults 18 years old and older living in the households were interviewed.
The sample of the 2022 NFLS was targeted at 16,650 households but the number of households interviewed was slightly lower than anticipated (16,418) due to relocation and unavailability of some households.
The sample of the Forced Labour Survey 2022 was targeted at 16,650 households but the number of households interviewed was slightly lower than anticipated due to some non-response cases. Many factors caused the non-response cases, such as the change of location of some households and the unavailability of household members for interviews, among others. In total, 16,418 households were visited and interviewed, which represents a response rate of 98.6 per cent.
The probability weight of the household was produced by taking the inverse of the probability to select the household (probability products obtained at each sampling stage). Weights were calculated by multiplying the probability of selection of EAs by the probability of selecting the households within the EAs and then taking the inverse of the product. An adjustment was made for non-responses before the final weight was applied to the dataset. Final weight values were further calibrated to follow the national population distribution by state.
Survey instrument
The questionnaire followed the model developed by ILO, comprised of three main parts. The first part covered all household members' socio-demographic characteristics, economic activities and perceptions of children's parents or guardians about child labour. The second part collected information on housing and accommodation, while the third part focused on children's education, working status, health and welfare in employment as well as their safety in the workplace.
The questionnaire comprised eight sections:
-Section A: Identification
-Section B: Household roster and demographics
-Section C: Education
-Section D: Forms of work
-Section E: Hazardous work
-Section F: Household tasks
-Section G: Forced labour
-Section H: Housing
After the data was downloaded from the webbased system, a process of data cleaning was performed to prepare the data for the statistical analysis. This process implied the creation of unique datasets including household and individual information to allow for an analysis of children's activities by variables describing the household's context. Data cleaning was performed by an expert using Stata statistical software. Moreover, the results in this report accounted for the complex sampling strategy by considering clustering, stratification and weighting. According to the sampling strategy, estimates and standard errors were adjusted using the survey weights.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2022-04-07 | 2022-04-20 |
- Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | NBS |
Adequate physical monitoring and spot-checks were carried out by Monitors both from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment (FMLE).The monitoring of fieldwork started concurrently with the commencement of data collection to ensure a smooth start to the data collection effort.
The activities carried out included:
· Visitation of different teams in various States
· Resolving observable challenges that called for urgent attention.
· Collaborating with the state officers to reach out to enumerators, and discuss observations, comments and to proffer solutions where necessary.
· Spot-checking of Householdss where enumerators visited and interviewed
· Online real-time data monitoring and immediate feedback.
Two levels of training were organized. The first level was the training of trainers conducted from 28 to 30 March 2022. At this level, the participants trained were NBS and Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment staff and other members of the technical committee, who served as trainers for the second level of training as well as monitors/quality assurance officers during the fieldwork.The participants included 74 trainers, 12 coordinatorsand other stakeholders. The training lasted three days.
The second level of the training was the training of field personnel carried out from 4 to 6 April 2022. At this level, the training of field personnel took place in the 36 states and the FCT. In total,444 field personnel (111 team leads and 333 teammates), 37 state officers and six zonal controllers were trained nationwide. To ensure quality data collection, experienced field staff were engaged due to the sensitivity and peculiarity of the survey.Training sessions for the field personnel included an overview of the survey and its objectives, techniques for interviewing, a detailed description of all questionnaire sections, computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) training and mock interviews. The training lasted three days.
The selection criteria considered during the recruitment process were education level (having at least a National Diploma), knowledge of the local language and experience of data collection in similar national surveys.
A total of 12 field personnel were engaged in each state and the FCT. Three teams comprising three teammates and one team lead were constituted. The teams worked in a roving manner by completing interviews in one EA before moving to the next, until the ten EAs assigned to each team were completed. The fieldwork lasted 12 days including travelling time from one EA to the next and from one local government area to another as well as the time for callbacks to the households from 7 to 20 April 2022. Data was collected using CAPI devices and transmitted to the NBS server in real time online
Data processing
The questionnaire was programmed using the Census and Survey Processing System software (CSpro) and CAPI for data capturing. A team responsible for data quality protocols was established for real- time online data checks, comprising a data administrator, who ensured the connectivity of CAPI devices to the server and monitored the downloading and uploading of data to and from enumerators in the field, as well as data editors, who checked for errors in the data downloaded from the server and communicated any corrections or requested clarification from the enumerators.
Data appraisal
Given the sample design, sampling errors were estimated through simple random sampling approach.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | www.nigerianstat.gov.ng | feedback@nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | The confidentiality of the individual respondent is protected by law (Statistical Act 2007) This is published in the Official Gazette of the Federal republic of Nigeria No. 60 vol. 94 of 11th June 2007. See section 26 para.2. Punitive measures for breeches of confidentiality are outlined in section 28 of the same Act. |
A comprehensive data access policy is been developed by NBS, however section 27 of the Statistical Act 2007 outlines the data access obligation of data producers which includes the realease of properly anonymized micro data.
National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria, Nigeria Child Labour and Forced Labour Survey (NFLS 2022)-v1.0
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
(c) 2024, National Bureau of Statistics
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Adeyemi Adeniran | National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | sg@nigerianstat.gov.ng | www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Mr Fafunmi E.A | National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | biyifafunmi@nigerianstat.gov.ng | www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Mr. Mustapha | National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | mdazeez@nigerianstat.gov.ng | www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Abiola Arosanyin | National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | avarosanyin@nigerianstat.gov.ng | www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Saheed Bakare | National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | ssbakare@nigerianstat.gov.ng | www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
Metadata production
DDI-NGA-NBS-NFLS-2022-v01
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | NBS | Federal Government of Nigeria | Producer |
2024-05-15
Metadata version
Version 1.0