Crime and Corruption Business Survey 2006
First round
Nigeria, 2007
Identification
DDI-NGA-NBS-EFCC-2006 v1.0
Crime and Corruption Business Survey 2006
First round
CCBS 2006
No Translation
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nigeria | NGA |
Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
This Crime and Corruption Business Survey (CCBS) is carried out by the Economic and Financial Crime Commision (EFCC) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), under the technical guidance of United Nation Office on Drug and Crime (UNODC), and is part of a larger international CCBS programme which aims at regularly collecting data on and generating a set of indicators on the impact of crime and corruption on businesses for the purpose of:
a) obtaining crime/corruption indicators as an accompanying tool in implementation of the UN Convention against Corruption;
b) to provide a baseline for the promotion of joint prevention measures against corruption in industry/businesses.
The importance of data collection on crime issues has been acknowledged during a round table hosted in Abuja by the Government of Nigeria (Abuja, September 2005, "Crime and Drugs as impediments to Security and Development in Africa"). The rational for collecting data on crime and corruption is that these two phenomenons are impediments to security and development, but lack of data on these issues makes it difficult to adequately tackle the problem. Collecting and distributing data on the crime situation in a country will therefore contribute to advocate for the inclusion of crime and corruption policies in the country development plans.
The establishment of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) in 2004 was part of the efforts of the Federal Government of Nigeria to revitalize the economy. The EFCC as a statutory body was authorized at the Federal Level to coordinate, investigate and enforce all laws against economic and financial crimes. Crimes and Drugs all over the world have been recognized as impediments to security and Development in Africa, but lack of data has made it extremely difficult to tackle the problem. Many countries have remained under developed due to long years of corruption and mismanagement.
The Business Survey on Crime and Corruption was undertaken by National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in collaboration with EFCC. Technical guidance was provided by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) as part of a larger International Crime and Corruption Business Survey (CCBS) programme geared towards collecting on a regular basis data and generating a set of indicators on the impact of crime and corruption on business and promotion of joint measures against them. It further aim to support the Government in its efforts to combat economic and financial crimes as well as assess the perception of corruption and awareness of EFCC among the business community
The survey, therefore, was establishment-based with the year 2006 as reference period. Relevant data were captured through a structured questionnaire spanning ten (10) sections covering Establishment identification, crimes, Bribery and Corruption, Intimidation/Extortion and protection money, Access to Justice System, among others. Fifteen (15) Economic Sections were covered according to international Standards of industrial Classifications (ISIC), namely Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry, Fishing, Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas & Water etc. The technical committee comprised of about thirteen members drawn from line Ministries, Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOS) such as Code of Conduct Bureau, Independent Corrupt Practices and other related Offences Commission (ICPC), National Orientation Agency (NOA), Federal Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Police Affairs, Nigeria Police Force (NPF), Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), Civil Liberties Organization etc. The committee oversaw and advised on the technical aspects of the project.
I wish to express my profound appreciation to the Chairman of EFCC, Nuhu Ribadu for his intense commitment in actualization of the project and passion for adequate and quality data to elucidate the issues of crimes and corruption in Nigeria. He was a long driving force with the support of fix Nigeria arm of EFCC and the Finance Department. The technical and huge funding support UNODC contributed immediately to the success of the project.
Finally, the team of officers from NBS also deserved commendations which was led by the Director of Censuses and Surveys (G. O. Adewoye), Head of Department of Information Communication and Technology (Mrs. A. N. Adewinmbi) and Head of Economic Surveys and Censuses (Mr. N. G. Oparaku).
The National Bureau of Statistics recommends this report to all relevant tiers of Government, Non-Governmental Organizations, Researchers, the private sector, the general public etc. Any observations and/or suggestions that will improve on the future surveys are highly welcomed and should be directed to the undersigned.
DR. V. O. AKINYOSOYE
Director-General/CEO
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)
Abuja.
March, 2008
Sample survey data [ssd]
Institutions/Organization
Version
v1.0. Edited, anonymous dataset.
2008-05-21
Scope
Section A: Identification
Section B: Summary Information
Section C: General Information
Section D: Crimes
Section E: Bribery and Corruption
Section F: Intimidation/Extortion and Protection Money
Section G: Access to the Justice System
Section H: Awareness of EFCC
Section I: Crime Prevention
Section J: Closure
Coverage
National Coverage
All estblishments employing 10 staff and above
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | FGN |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Economic and Financial Crime Commission | FGN | Sponsor |
| United Nation Office on Drug and Crime | UN | Sponsor |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United Nation Office on Drug and Crime | UNODC | FUND |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nuhu Ribadu | Chairman of EFCC, | Technical Support |
| Dr. V. O. Akinyosoye | NBS Director General/Chief Executive Officer | Technical Support |
| Dr. G. O. Adewoye | Director (Censuses and Surveys Department), NBS | Technical Support |
| Mr. F. B. Ladejobi | Head (Feild Services and Methodology Department), NBS | Technical Support |
| Mrs. A. N. Adewinmbi | Head (Information and Communication Department), NBS | Technical Support |
Sampling
In order to have a broad-based list of business and industrial establishments, three (3) sets of establishment frames were used. There are:
(i) Frame of Establishments from Economic Survey and Census Division of NBS.
(ii) Frame of Establishments from National Quick Employment Generation Survey (NQEGS) conducted by NBS in 2006.
(iii) Frame of Establishments from NBS/CBN/NCC collaborative Economic Survey conducted by NBS in 2006.
These frames were merged to give a single cleaned and validated frame.
The cleaning and validation of the frame involve the following;
(i) Elimination of duplications
(ii) Removing dead or moribund establishments from the frame
(iii) Filling in missing information where feasible.
This exercise was made possible through the combined efforts of the Economic Survey and Census Division, the National Accounts Division and the Methodology Division of NBS. Sample of 2,775 were selected from a frame of 15,556 which cut across 14 sectors of the economy namely:
(i) Agriculture (163)
(ii) Fishing (10)
(iii) Mining and Quarrying (75)
(iv) Manufacturing (474)
(v) Electricity, Gas and Water (66)
(vi) Building and Construction (137)
(vii) Wholesale and Retail Trade (450)
(viii) Hotels, Restaurants and Tourism (155)
(ix) Transport (200)
(x) Communication (92)
(xi) Financial Intermediation (233)
(xii) Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities (480)
(xiii) Public Administration (Government) (77)
(xiv) Education (163)
Selection Parameters:
In order to select the require number of establishments, some parameters were considered which include:
(i) Employment size, that is strata of 10 and above
(ii) Contribution of sector to GDP.
(iii) Purposive or prior knowledge of performance of sectors in the
economy.
Selection Procedure:
Basically, the sample design used for this survey was a two-level probability proportion to size (PPS) in which the contribution of each sector to the GDP formed the basis of allocation at the first level while the basis of allocation at the second level was number of establishments in each sector. A prior (purposive) allocation was also used to complement and boost the efficiency of the design.
Overall Sample Size:
The overall sample of establishments selected for this collaborative survey was 2,775. in choosing this sample size, many things were taken into consideration such as, limitation of resources, the need to ensure a manageable and controllable sample structure and the three important levels at which data are required for planning purposes, viz National zonal and state levels but basically, the estimates would be at national level.
The Sample Design can only be altered in case of political crises
A total of 2,775 establishments were selected nationwide and distributed among fifteen economic sectors in each state of the federation and federal capital territory (FCT) Abuja.
About eighty-one percent response rate was achieved nationwide. On the zonal level, south west zone achieved the highest response rate of 32.2percent in the country.
Sample weights were calculated for the data.
The weight for each sector will be equal to the reciprocal of the probabilities of sectors of the sample establishments in that sector multiplied by an adjustment/correction factor. These weights will be used to multiply sample values to obtain the population totals.
Survey instrument
The questionnaire was divided into ten (10) sections namely:
Section A which asked of the Name of Establishment, Address, Telephone Number, State, LGA and Type of Ownership
Section B contained Instruction, Designation of the Respondent in Establishment and Gender.
Section C asked questions on Type of Economic Activity, Number of Paid Employees, Capital Participation of Foreign Investors.
Section D dealt with questions on type of crimes committed, reported or not reported to police
Section E was based on questions on obstacles for doing good business in Nigeria, such as unofficial payments or gifts to public official to get things done
Section F contained questions on anyone ever requesting for money in exchange for service to protect establishment from robbery, act of vandalism and so on
Section G contained questions on the establishment experience on dispensation of justice.
Section H contained questions on awareness of EFCC
Section I contained questions on any kind of joint action taken against crime, corruption or extortion.
Section J Contained questions on Name of Respondent, Telephone Number, Address and Willingness to participate in future interview of this nature
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2007-08-30 | 2007-09-15 | 15 Days |
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2007-08-30 | 2007-09-15 | 15 Days |
- Mail Questionnaire [mail]
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | FGN | NBS |
Each state had a supervisor attached to the interviewers in the state except Lagos state were there were more establishments to be covered hence, 4 supervisors were attached. The fieldwork was also monitored by NBS and EFCC Hqtrs staff. Monitoring exercise was carried out by 45 NBS Headquarter staff between 7th – 16th of September, 2007. At least one staff will monitored field work in a state for 10 days. Monitoring officers to brought completed records to NBS headquarters in Abuja.
State officers monitored the field work in thier various state for 5 days.
Zonal controller monitored the field work in at least two states within the zone for 10 days.
Training was conducted at 2 levels.
First level was the Training of Trainers (TOT) at NBS Headquarters, Abuja. The trainees included NBS, EFCC Senior Staff
and Twenty (20) trainees were trained out of which twelve (12) were selected to train at the zonal level. The training lasted for 2 days.
Second level Training was held concurrently at the six (6) NBS zonal headquarters Ibadan, Calabar, Enugu, Jos, Kaduna and Maiduguri. Interviewers, Supervisors, State Officers & Zonal Controllers from NBS were trained for 2 days.
The number of field staff per state varies due to variations in the number establishments in each state. The workload included Lodgment & Retrieval of the questionnaires. Fieldwork lasted for 15 days. The List of Private / Public Establishments were provided and Trainers supervised the staff arrangement for feildwork.
Data processing
Data processing was done centrally at NBS Headquarters, Abuja.
30 Data entry staff and 15 Editors were engaged
Censuses and Surveys Program (CSPRO) was used for data entry.
SPSS was used for final analysis
Data appraisal
Numerous efforts were made during implementation of the survey to minimize Non-Sampling errors.
Sampling errors have been calculated for a select set of statistics (all of which are proportions due to the limitations of the Taylor linearization method) for the national sample, and for each of the fsector. For each statistic, the estimate, its standard error, the coefficient of variation (or relative error -- the ratio between the standard error and the estimate), the design effect, and the square root design effect (DEFT -- the ratio between the standard error using the given sample design and the standard error that would result if a simple random sample had been used), as well as the 95 percent confidence intervals (+/-2 standard errors).
The fieldwork was monitored by NBS and EFCC Headquaters staff.
State officers monitored the field work in thier various state.
Zonal controller monitored the field work within their zone.
Data Access
| Name | |
|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics (Nbs) | www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | The confidentiality of the individual respondent is protected by law (Statistical Act 2007) This is published in the Official Gazette of the Federal republic of Nigeria No. 60 vol. 94 of 11th June 2007. See section 26 para.2. Punitive measures for breeches of confidentiality are outlined in section 28 of the same Act. |
A comprehensive data access policy is been developed by NBS, however section 27 of the Statistical Act 2007outlines the data access obligation of data producers which includes the realease of properly anonymized micro data.
National Bureau of Statistics,Nigeria and Crime and Corruption Business Survey 2006-v.1.0
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
(c)NBS 2007
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DR G.O. Adewoye | Director Census & Surveys | goadewoye@nigerianstat.gov.ng | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Mrs A.N. Adewimbi | Head of Information and Comnucation Technology Department | taadewnmbi@nigerianstat.gov.ng | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Mrs A. A. Akinsanya | Data Archivist | paakinsanya@nigerianstat.gov.ng | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Biyi Fafunmi | Data Curator | biyifafunmi@nigerianstat.gov.ng | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
Metadata production
DDI-NGA-NBS-EFCC-2006-V1.0
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | NBS | FGN | Data Producers |
2008-05-21
Metadata version
Verson 1.0 (2008)