National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2016-2017
First round
Nigeria, 2016 - 2017
Get MicrodataIdentification
NGA-NBS-NDUS-2016-2017-v01
National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2016-2017
First round
NDUS 2016-2017
No Translation
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nigeria | NGA |
Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs]
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse (CRISA) with technical support from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). This is the first comprehensive nationwide national drug use survey to be conducted in Nigeria. The project aims to support Nigeria in fighting drug production, trafficking and use and improved access to quality drug prevention, treatment and care services in Nigeria.
The survey has three components; the first is the National Household Survey on Drug Use and Health (NHSDUH) conducted by NBS; the second aspect is the National Survey on Problem Drug Use (NSPDU) and the third aspect is the Key Informant Survey (KIS). The NSPDU and KIS were conducted by CRISA. The three aspects of the survey cover all 36 states of the Federation, as well as the Federal Capital Territory.
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse (CRISA) with technical support from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). It was funded by the European Union (EU) under the 10th European Development Fund (EDF) as part of the UNODC implemented project, “Response to Drugs and Related Organised Crime in Nigeria”. The project aims to support Nigeria in fighting drug production, trafficking and use and improved access to quality drug prevention, treatment and care services in Nigeria.
This is the first comprehensive nationwide national drug use survey to be conducted in Nigeria. The survey has three components; the first is the National Household Survey on Drug Use and Health (NHSDUH) conducted by NBS; the second aspect is the National Survey on Problem Drug Use (NSPDU) and the third aspect is the Key Informant Survey (KIS). The NSPDU and KIS were conducted by CRISA. The three aspects of the survey cover all 36 states of the Federation, as well as the Federal Capital Territory. During the National Household Survey, 38,850 households that spread across rural and urban areas were canvassed at respondents’ residences. Additionally, the NSPDU involved interviews with a total of 9,344 problem drug users across all 36 states of the Federation, as well as the Federal Capital Territory. A total of 2,787 persons were interviewed for the KIS.
Objectives of the survey:
-The main objective of the project is to strengthen the evidence based on drug use and drug crime which would be used for policy planning and implementation.
-The survey provides statistically-sound and policy-relevant data on the extent and pattern of drug use in Nigeria (i.e., lifetime, past 12 months and 30 days prevalence of drug use bytypes of substances and gender), the socio-demographic characteristics of drug users, their living conditions and other information such as gender, age, marital status, education and employment status. It also provides information on age of onset of drug use, frequency and pattern of use, high risk drug use as well as extent of drugs use, drug dependency, and sexual behavior among drug users.
Information from this survey will also serve as baseline data for tracking the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria, specifically Goal 3 to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages” and Target 3.5 to strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol.
It is our sincere hope and expectation that the results and the dataset from this survey will be used by the public most especially the policy-makers, planners, researchers, development partners and Non-Governmental Organisa?tions (NGOs) to formulate and monitor policies, programmes and strategies that help to develop targeted services for drug users and their families, with a focus on affordable easily accessible community-based approaches that will increase access to services for this under-served population and go a long way in addressing the issue of drug use in communities across the country.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Individual level
Version
Version 1.0: Edited, anonymised dataset for public distribution
Scope
The scope of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2016-2017 includes: The Household; and Problem Drug Use Assessment and Key Informant modules.
HOUSEHOLD MODULE
The household questionnaire collected information on Household composition and demographic charactersitics; Demographic information of the selected respondent; General health information; Size of personnel network; Presciption drug misuse; Tobacco use; Alcoho use; Knowledge and awareness of various substances; Information about substance use by people personally known and in the household; Self reported substance use and Information about drug dependence and drug use disorder.
PROBLEM DRUG USE ASSESSMENT MODULE
This module covered the following areas: Identification information; Demographic and financial support; Drug use history; Injecting drug use; Contact with drug users; Treatment history; Service utilization; Prison history; Sex lifestyle Severity of dependence score for main drug.
KEY INFORMANT MODULE
The Key Informant Questionnaire is a combination of structured and open-ended interview in which the interviewer seeks the knowledge and opinion of the respondent on different aspects of the drug problem in the community. Respondents were selected from the following categories of key informants: Local community level police Other law enforcement (e.g., NDLEA) officers, Service providers for drug treatment, Health officials (including pharmacists), Local religious leaders, Village elders (village heads, clan heads), Civil society organizations, Teachers.
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Education | World Bank |
| Community Driven Development | World Bank |
| Health | World Bank |
Coverage
National coverage
The survey covered all household members (usual residents) for the household composition and demographic characteristics; an individual respondent within the age of 15-64 years in the household; and problem drug users outside the households that were selected using the respondent driven sampling techniques.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | Federal Government of Nigeria(FGN) |
| Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse (CRISA) | Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse (CRISA) |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Country Office, Nigeria | United Nations Secretariat | Technical support |
| UNODC Research and Trend Analysis Branch, Vienna Austria | United Nations Secretariat | Data Analysis |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| European Union | EU | Funding |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | National Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group |
| National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | National Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group |
| National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | National Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group |
| National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA) | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | National Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group |
| Ministry of Budget and National Planning | Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) | National Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group |
| Population Council | National Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group | |
| The Market Research Consultancy Ltd. (MRC) | National Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group | |
| World Health Organization (WHO) | World Health Organization (WHO) | National Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group |
Sampling
A two-stage cluster sample design was adopted for the survey.
First stage selection (Selection of EAs) The first stage involves selection of primary sampling units. In each State 10 EAs were canvassed, Six (6) Urban and three (4) Rural EAs. This gives a total of 60 EAs to be covered in all the six (6) states. The second stage selection (selection of households) Eight (8) households (HHs) will be selected in each EA. A total of 80 HHs will be covered in each state and subsequently, a total of 480 HHs will be studied in all the six states. Conditions and procedures for replacement of EA In order to address some extreme cases of non coverage of the selected EAs, the following procedures will be adopted: 1) Extra five EAs will be provided for each state in case of any replacement 2) The supervisor and State officer must be contacted before any replacement is made 3) Replacement can be made if the EA is not accessible or if it is located in a conflict or crisis area, i.e. areas classified as high risk areas
The main survey of the National Health and Drug Use also had two (2) sampling procedures
First Stage Selection was the selection of EAs. In each State 70 EAs were canvassed giving a total of 2,590 EAs covered in all the States including FCT.
The Second Stage Selection involved selection of Housing Units (HUs). 15HUs were selected in each EA and 1 Household was interviewed per HU.
In a HU with more than one (1) household, the Kish grid method of selection was applied to determine the household to be interviewed. A total of 1050 household interviews were conducted in each state. A total of 38,850 HHs were covered nationwide.
The Sampling strategy for the problem drug users constituted a hidden and hard-to-reach population and the absence of a census-based sampling frame maked it difficult to estimate the parameters of this population in Nigeria. In view of this and other constraints, the snowball method (also known as chain referral sampling) was used to select the respondents for this study. Snowball sampling is particularly suited for a study of this nature because, among other things, it helps in tracing the diffusion of information within social networks and in delineating patterns of association.
Using the drug user questionnaire, data was collected from a sample of 200-250 high-risk drug users in each state, yielding a national sample of between 7400 and 9250 respondents.
For the key informant survey, a minimum of 50 -75 Key informants in each State were interviewed, yielding a national sample of between 1850 and 2775 key informants. On average, for each category of key informants, 9-10 interviews were conducted.
No deviation for the Household survey on drug use and health in Nigeria. In the problem drug users data collection process, It is important to note that the report from Ogun state indicates that in some instances venue-based sampling (VBS) was used instead of RDS and in Northeast Zone A. Some cannabis users were interviewed contrary to the mandate.
86% response rate was recorded for the Key Informant Survey while 98.1% was reported for the Problem Drug Use Assessment Survey.
Population and Sample weights were calculated for the Household data files.
Survey instrument
THE HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE
A household questionnaire was administered in each selected household to collect data on household and demographic characteristics and thereafter an individual respondent randomly selected using the KISH GRID method responded to the questions in the remaining sections of the questionnaire. The various sections of the household questionnaires are:
Part A: Identification
Part B Section 1: Household composition and demographic characteristics
Section 2: Demographic information of the respondent
Section 3: General health information
Section 4: Size of personal network
Section 5: Prescription of drug misuse
Section 6: Tobacco use
Section 7: Alcohol Use
Section 8: Knowledge and awareness of various substances
Section 9: Information about substance use by people known and in the household
Section 10: Self-reported substance use
Section 11: Information about drug dependence and drug use disorder
Section 12: Arrest and treatment history
Section 13: Brief assessment of harms from other’s drug use
Section 14: Interviewer’s comment/evaluation
Section 15: Interviewers check (To be completed by the supervisor)
The Problem Drug Use Assessment in Nigeria developed questionnaires and data extraction forms for each aspect of this project, as follows: 1) Drug user questionnaire, 2) Key informant questionnaire, 3) Drug treatment reporting form, and 4) drug related arrests data form.
DRUG USERS' QUESTIONNAIRE
The Drug users' questionnaire was administered to problematic drug users. The questionnaire consists of the following sections:
Part A: Identification information
Part A Section A: Demographics and financial support
Section B: Drug use history
Section C: Injecting drug use
Section D: Contact with drug users
Section E: Treatment history
Section F: Service utilization
Section G: Prison history
Section H: Sex lifestyle
Section I: Severity of dependence score for main drug.
KEY INFORMANT QUESTIONNAIRE
The Key Informant Questionnaire is a combination of structured and open-ended interview in which the interviewer seeks the knowledge and opinion of the respondent on different aspects of the drug problem in the community. Respondents will be selected from the following categories of key informants: Local community level police Other law enforcement (e.g., NDLEA) officers, Service providers for drug treatment, Health officials (including pharmacists), Local religious leaders, Village elders (village heads, clan heads), Civil society organizations, Teachers.
Section A: Background Information
Section B: Patterns of drug use
Section C: Changing patterns and trends
Section D: Socio-demographics and drug use
Section E: Primary information
Section F: Need for services
Two forms were developed to collect secondary/existing data from the following sources:
· Reports of the Nigerian Epidemiology Network of Drug Use (NENDU),
· National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA),
· Civil society organization reports,
· Information from hospitals, drop-in centres and other treatment facilities.
Further processing of the data was carried out by a private firm (Corporate Business Research Services). CBRS submitted a 16-page report to CRISA detailing every action taken in cleaning and merging the data sets before handing over to CRISA. Much of this work was done in collaboration with CRISA staff members assigned to oversee this aspect of the project. Most of the issues addressed by CBRS were because of inconsistencies in data entry at the various centres. In a few cases where such inconsistences were serious enough data from affected states had to be re-entered at CRISA. (These states are specified in the CBRS report). We believe that though the decision to decentralize data entry was taken after careful consideration of data safety, that decision contributed to the delay in completing the overall work on this project.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-28 | 21 days |
| 2017-03-06 | 2017-04-06 | 30 days |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | Ministry of Budget and National Planning | NBS |
| Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse | CRISA |
Carefully selected interviewers in each state conducted the two surveys.
Some of the responsibilities of the supervisors include contacting the local authority officials, locate the clusters/EAs (Urban and Rural) assigned to his\her team, assign works to enumerators and provide working materials, etc.
Three (3) teams were constituted in each state for the main HH surveyA team comprised of five (5) interviewers and one (1) supervisor. Fieldwork lasted for twenty (20) days and 18 field personnel were involved in each state which comprised15 interviewers and 3 supervisors.A total of 666 field personnel were involved Nation wide
During the data collection for the household survey, monitoring exercise was mounted to ensure that data to be collected were of high quality. Monitoring was done by: 1) NBS state and Headquarters staff 2) Independent monitors from MRC and 3) UNODC officials. Senior officers of NBS coordinated the training and fieldwork activities.
In selecting the interviewers for the problem drug use data collection exercise, emphasis was placed on familiarity with drug use and experience working with problem drug users, in which case the research team will seek collaboration with drug NGOs where they exist in each state.
Twelve (12) Zonal Coordinators were appointed to supervise data collection in each zone made up of half of the states in each of the six geo-political zones. In other words each zone has been divided into two for ease of operation and a coordinator was responsible for each project zone.
Independent monitoring teams from various government agencies helped to enhance the quality of data collection, and prepare a report on their work.
A team of people who represented key stakeholders – ministries, departments and agencies – monitored the data collection in all zones and were overwhelmingly satisfied with the conduct of the work. (Monitoring reports were submitted to and are available at the implementing organization – UNODC).
Supervisory activities for the National Survey on Drug use and Health (Household) include two levels of training, fieldwork arrangement, monitoring exercise and coordination.
The pilot testing adopted two levels of training which were the Training of Trainers (TOT) and the Training of Field Staff/ENumerators (TOE).
The field work arrangement for data collection consisted of two (2) teams per state. A team comprised of (1) supervisor and two (2) interviewers. Each state had six (6) field personnel. Fieldwork last for seven (7) days.
The interview was conducted in 5 different languages (English, Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba and Pidgin) based on the preferred language of the respondent.
The pre-test exercise for the Problen Drug Use Assessment in Nigeria took place from 12th-16th December, 2016. The training of coordinators and interviewers was a key component of the preparatory stage of the project. Twelve (12) zonal coordinators were trained twice in Abuja on the use of the instruments developed for the project and on the administration of the protocol as a whole. Following these the coordinators recruited interviewers in each state assigned to them and participated in the training of the interviewers in Kaduna (for northern states) and Uyo (for southern states).
Data processing
Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) method was used for the data collection for the household component, while paper questionnaires were used for both Drug users' and Key Informant components.
Data Processing for the household survey was done at the ICT Department, NBS Headquarters. Activities carried out include:
- Electronic editing
- Data Validation
- Data cleaning
- Data Analysis
- Data Anonymization
- Table Generation
All data from the drug user and key informant surveys in the files submitted by the zonal coordinators were subjected to verification and validation by a data company in Uyo (Corporate Business Research Services, CBRS) that served as a data management consultant for the project.
Data appraisal
A series of data quality tables and graphs are available in the reports.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | Ministry of Budget and National Planning | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng | feedback@nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | The confidentiality of the individual respondent is protected by law (Statistical Act 2007). This is published in the Official Gazette of the Federal republic of Nigeria No. 60 vol. 94 of 11th June 2007. See section 26 para.2. Punitive measures for breeches of confidentiality are outlined in section 28 of the same Act. |
A comprehensive data access policy is been developed by NBS, however section 27 of the Statistical Act 2007 outlines the data access obligation of data producers which includes the realease of properly anonymized micro data.
National Bureau of Statistics, The National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2017 v1.0 of the public use (January, 2021) provided by National Data Archive, https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng''
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
(c) NBS, 2021
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Yemi Kale (Statistician General) | National Bureau of Statistics | yemikale@nigerianstat.gov.ng | https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/ |
| Mr. Adeyemi Adeniran (Project Coordinator) | National Bureau of Statistics | saadeniran@nigerianstat.gov.ng | https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/ |
| Mr. Biyi Fafunmi Drector, NBS ICT | National Bureau of Statistics | biyifafunmi@nigerianstat.gov.ng | https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/ |
| Akanidomo Ibanga (PhD, FNPA,M.Sc) | United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime | ibanga.akanidomo@un.org | https://www.unodc.org/nigeria/ |
| Gloria Akpabio | Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse | gloriaaustinakpabio@yahoo.com | https://www.crisaafrica.org |
Metadata production
DDI-NGA-NBS-NDUS-2017-v01
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nationl Bureau of Statistics | NBS | Ministry of Budget and National Planning | Metadata Producer |
| Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse | CRISA | Metadata Producer | |
| United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime | UNODC | United Nations Secretariat | Metadata Coordinator |
2021-01-29
Metadata version
Version 1.0 (January, 2021). This is the first documented version of the Drug Use Survey that was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Nigeria.