National Core Welfare Indicators Survey, 2006
Third edition
Nigeria, 2006
Get MicrodataIdentification
NGA-CWIQ-2006.v1.2
National Core Welfare Indicators Survey, 2006
Third edition
CWIQ-2006
No translation
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nigeria | NGA |
Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire [hh/cwiq]
The first Pilot Survey on CWIQ was carried out in Lagos State in 1999. This was followed by that of Benue State in 2001. The pilot survey was later extended to cover six States, namely: Ekiti, Kogi, Kebbi, Enugu, Cross-river and Jigawa in 2002. Another six States: Gombe, Osun, Kebbi, Abia, Plateau and Cross-River States were covered in 2003 and 2004. It was possible through CWIQ to compare some poverty Indicators across States and Senatorial Districts. The combined CWIQ could not give poverty indicators at the National level. Consequent upon successful conduct of the Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaires (CWIQ) Survey in six States in the year 2003 and June 2004, there was the need to conduct a National Survey. The National Survey started with a regional workshop where the new CWIQ questionnaire was developed with major stakeholders from relevant Ministries, Agencies and International Development Partners.
Worldwide, the Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire Survey (CWIQ) is designed to collect household data useful in quantitatively profiling the well-being of the population. The 2006 Nigerian CWIQ was a nationwide sample survey conducted to produce welfare indicators for the population at national and sub-national levels, particularly Zones, States and Senatorial Districts. The Survey compliments 2004 Nigerian Living Standards Survey (NLSS) by NBS which profiled poverty in the country.
The successful release of the 2006 report was a further proof of the capability of the CWIQ to provide data for monitoring poverty at very short notice and the premium the National Bureau of Statistics places on timely release of statistical data. Another significant experience in this survey was the Technology of scanning which helped in the shortening of data processing time and hence the timely release of the result within three months as against the traditional release of main report after one year of data collection.
Another innovation and experience is the outsourcing for qualified field staff for the field work which also helped in collection of high quality data. .
The CWIQ is another instrument for regular monitoring of welfare and social trends for different population groups of the society especially the poor. The survey gives a quicker method for monitoring poverty than the National Consumer Survey indicators for meaningful changes in welfare status. The indicators available in this CWIQ are of two types: Firstly, indicators of Living Standards for the household members - these indicators include land assets, home ownership, type of home construction, fuel for cooking, ownership of selected households goods, literacy level, employment, health and nutrition and secondly indicators of access, utilization and satisfaction - those include access to clean water, primary and secondary school services, utilization of facilities by way of enrolment rates by gender, satisfaction with school and medical facilities.
Preliminary reports in form of flyers have been released after three months of data collection. The flyers were issued at National and zonal levels which quickly met the needs of users.
The main report will be useful to the Federal Government of Nigeria, States, Non Government Organization (NGO), International Development Partners (World Bank, UNDP, UNICEF etc.) and other Institutions in monitoring poverty and other related social problems.
National Bureau of Statistics welcomes observations and comments that will help to improve the conduct of CWIQ Surveys in Nigeria.
Dr. V. O. Akinyosoye,
Director General
National Bureau of Statistics, (NBS)
Abuja
Sample survey data [ssd]
The sample design employed for National Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire Survey 2005 is a 2-stage cluster sample design in which Enumeration Areas (EAs) or Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) constitute the 1st stage sample while the Housing Units (HUs) from EAs make up the 2nd stage sample or the ultimate sampling units.
Sampling Frame:
The enumeration Areas (EAs) as demarcated by the National Population Commission (NPopC) for the 1991 population census served as the sampling frame for the National Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire (CWIQ) survey 2005. Although the frame was however deficient in two main areas, viz;
(i) No measure of size was readily available for the EAs which served as the primary sampling units (psus) and
(ii) The EAs were not stratified into urban and rural during the census exercises in 1991.
Nevertheless, the solution provided for the first problem was to take the PSU's with equal probability while the envisaged solution for the second deficient was the promise by the national Population Commission (NPopC) to supply the information at a later date.
Sample Size:
Sample sizes must meet some minimal requirement in order to obtain reliable estimate. Hence, for National CWIQ survey 2005, the sample size varies from state to state depending on the number of Local Government Areas (LGAs) in each state. Ten (10) Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected in each LGA making a total of 7,740 EAs to be canvassed for throughout the federation from the 774 LGAs including Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja. (See Appendix 1)
Selection Procedure:
The 7,740 EAs were selected directly from the population of EAs in the National Population Commission (NPopC) with equal probability of selection. Prior to selection, all the contiguous EAs were arranged serpentinely in each Local Government Area (LGA) of the state. This arrangement ensured that there was no overlapping between the LGAs and the EAs within the LGAs. With the frame so constructed, the EAs were cumulatively numbered to get the EA population. Therefore, 10 random starts (RS) were taken for each LGA and systematic selection approach were adopted in selection 10 EAs in each LGA.
A listing/updating exercise was carried out in each EA from where 10 housing units (HUs) were selected systematically to form the 2nd stage Sample or Ultimate interviewed using the Core Welfare Indicator questionnaire.
Jackknife method which is the CWIQ software for Error Estimate was used. This required forming replicate from t he full sample by randomly eliminating one sample cluster [enumeration area (EA)] at a time from a state which is the reporting domain. Then a pseudo-estimate is formed from the retained EAs, which are re-weighted to adjust for the eliminated units. Thus, for a particular state containing k EAs, k replicated estimates are formed by eliminating one of these, at a time, and increasing the weight of the remaining (k-1) EAs by a factor of k/(k-1). This process is repeated for each EA.
For a given state or reporting domain, the estimate of the variance of a rate, r, is given by where is the standard error, k is the number of EAs in the state or reporting domain.
r is the weighted estimate calculated from the entire sample of EAs in the state or reporting domain.
To obtain an estimate of the variance at a higher level, say, at the national level, the process is repeated over all states, with k redefined to refer to the total number of EAs (as opposed to the number in the state).
Version
Ver 1.2
2008-07-30
v1.0 This is the first version used to generate the first set of tables
Ver 1.1, Editied version
v1.2 - use of the new template
- review the topic of classifiction and the keywords
Scope
Scope: The CWIQ collected information at three levels. Some information were collected from individual members of the household about themselves as individuals and their household as a unit. Some questions were also asked on the needs of the community and the types of development that had taken place in the community in the past five years. Thus, the information solicited from household members included: (i) At the individual household member level – Demography Education Health Employment Child Under 5 years Gender (Contribution to Household activities and welfare) (ii) At the Household level – Household Assets Household Amenities (iii) At Community level – Social Project Self-Assessed Poverty.
| Topic |
|---|
| General Household Data |
Coverage
National Zone State Lga
Household members
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | Federal Government of Nigeria |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | Federal Government of Nigeria | Major producer |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| World Bank | WB | Funding |
| Federal Government of Nigeria | FGN | Funding |
Sampling
Sample Design:
The National CWIQ Survey 2006 was designed with Local Government Area (LGA) serving as the reporting domain. Data were then aggregated to give estimates at Federal Constituency (FC), Senatorial, State, zonal (geo-political) and national levels.
Basically, a 2-stage cluster sample design was adopted in each LGA. Enumeration Areas (EAs) formed the 1st stage or Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) while Housing Units (HUs) formed the 2nd stage or Ultimate Sampling Units (USUs).
The EAs as demarcated by the National Population Commission (NPopC) for the 1991 Population Census served as the sampling frame for the selection of 1st stage sample units. In each LGA, a systematic selection of 10 EAs was made. Prior to the second stage selection, complete listing of Housing Units (and of Households within Housing Units) was carried out in each of the selected 1st stage units. These lists provided the frames for the second stage selection. Ten (10) HUs were then systematically selected per EA and all households in the selected HUs were interviewed.
The projected sample size was 100 HUs at the LGA level. The sample size using other defined reporting domains (FC, senatorial, state and geo-political zone) varied, depending on the number of the LGAs that made the reporting domain. Overall, 77,400 HUs were drawn at the national level. This made the survey the biggest in the history of the CWIQ.
SAMPLE SIZE FOR THE NATIONAL CORE WELFARE INDICATOR SURVEY
STATE LGAS EAS HUS
ABIA 17 170 1700
ADAMAWA 21 210 2100
AKWA IBOM 31 310 3100
ANAMBRA 21 210 2100
BAUCHI 20 200 2000
BAYELSA 8 80 800
BENUE 23 230 2300
BORNO 27 270 2700
CROSS RIVER 18 180 1800
DELTA 28 250 2500
EBONYI 13 130 1300
EDO 18 180 1800
EKITI 16 160 1600
ENUGU 17 170 1700
GOMBE 11 110 1100
IMO 27 270 2700
JIGAWA 27 270 2700
KADUNA 23 230 2300
KANO 44 440 4400
KATSINA 34 340 3400
KEBBI 21 210 2100
KOGI 21 210 2100
KWARA 16 160 1600
LAGOS 20 200 2000
NASARAWA 13 130 1300
NIGER 25 250 2500
OGUN 20 200 2000
ONDO 18 180 1800
OSUN 30 300 3000
OYO 33 330 3300
PLATEAU 17 170 1700
RIVERS 23 230 2300
SOKOTO 23 230 2300
TARABA 16 160 1600
YOBE 17 170 1700
ZAMAFARA 14 140 1400
FCT 6 60 600
TOTAL 774 7740 77400
The 7,740 EAs were selected directly from the population of EAs in the National Population Commission (NPopC) with equal probability of selection. Prior to selection, all the contiguous EAs were arranged serpentinely in each Local Government Area (LGA) of the state. This arrangement ensured that there was no overlapping between the LGAs and the EAs within the LGAs. With the frame so constructed, the EAs were cumulatively numbered to get the EA population. Therefore, 10 random starts (RS) were taken for each LGA and systematic selection approach were adopted in selection 10 EAs in each LGA.
A listing/updating exercise was carried out in each EA from where 10 housing units (HUs) were selected systematically to form the 2nd stage Sample or Ultimate interviewed using the Core Welfare Indicator questionnaire
Where is the local government estimate
N is the total number of EAs in the lth LGA in the state
n is the number of selected EAs in the lth LGA
H is the total number of Housing Units (HUs) listed from selected jth EA in lth LGA
h is the number of selected Housing Units (HUs) from jth EA in the lth LGA
is the value of the element of HU in the kth housing unit of jth EA in the 1th LGA.
is the weight
So the above will apply to all the individual members in order to give the population. However, the above weighting factor will be multiplied by average household size, when there is need to take the household aggregates to the population.
Estimate will be provided at LGA level.
Survey instrument
Survey Instrument:
Three main instruments were designed for and used during the survey. They included the CWIQ questionnaire, the interviewer’s manual and the supervisor’s manual. The generic scannable CWIQ questionnaire was adapted to suit the country situation. The questionnaire (see……….) served as the main data collection instrument and captured the minimum information that allowed for identification of targets groups, provision of basic welfare indicators for measuring poverty and the capturing of information which measured access, utilization and satisfaction with services provided. The questionnaire did not cover measurement of indicators on child nutrition through anthropometric measurements. This was mainly due to inability to procure early enough, the necessary anthropometric equipment, namely, rollameter, microtoise and mother-and-child weighing scale.
The data processing was organized to run concurrently with the fieldwork. That is, the programmers and their assistants participated in the training of the field staff and remained in the field for a number of days to further guide the enumerators on how to print the response and shade the bubbles according to the code of responses. Hence, the main data processing operation commenced two week after the commencement of the fieldwork. The CWIQ system consists of the following phase: Data entry, data validation and correction, and generation of survey results. Data entry consists of converting the information in the survey questions to a readable form for processing in the subsequent phases. This data processing system was adopted from the system developed by the World Bank in 1998 and 1999 and subsequently used for the pilot survey of Lagos State in July and August of 1999. Some modifications were however, made in the questionnaire after the survey in Benue. The modified questionnaire was then used for the CWIQ survey in Abia, Cross-River, Ekiti, Kebbi, Kogi, Yobe, Jigawa and Enugu in May to August 2002. The States covered in year 2003 were repeated for the year 2004. These include Abia, Cross-River, Gombe, Kebbi, Osun and Plateau States. Further modifications was done to the questionnaire in may 2005, there was total overhaul of some sections and the reference number was pre printed and at the same time reduced to 4 digit; while a new methodology which used hand printing recognition was adapted. The data processing office for the current CWIQ was set up at the corporate headquarter of the National Bureau of Statistics in Abuja. Two processing centres were used and, the staff consisted of twelve (12) programmers and thirty four (34) computer assistants.
Twelve portable optical scanners each connected to a laptop computer were used for scanning the questionnaire on EA basis. The image evaluation and data verification were done simultaneously with the scanning of the questionnaire. Eight desktop computers were connected on a local area network (LAN) for error correction and data validation, and later converted to the database. Questionnaires coming from the field weekly by EA underwent identification and name confirmation at the processing centre using a master list of sample enumeration areas. The number of questionnaires and households for an EA were then counted to confirm that all the expected households in the enumeration area had been interviewed. The questionnaires were then prepared for scanning by sorting the households therein in ascending household identifiers; the cover pages of the questionnaires were checked for completeness; staples were then removed from the questionnaires and the questionnaires for an EA were then scanned togetheroutput of the scanner was then checked for consistency, omission, skips and other errors; the data was not transferred to the database until all such errors were corrected. as a batch.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2006 | 2006 |
JAN 2006
- Face-to-face [f2f]
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| NBS Feild Staff | FSM and CSD |
Data processing
During scanning, the scanner took an image of each page of the questionnaire through form processing software (Teleform), which subsequently evaluated the scanned images. Evaluated images that suggested possible errors in the questionnaire were verified and corrected by the data entry operator. Typical errors included unidentified pages that could not be evaluated; unrecognisable hand printed characters or bubbles, which were not completely shaded. The time required for image evaluation and subsequent verification depended on how well and legibly the questionnaire was filled in.
After all potential errors for an EA had been verified by the data entry operator; the data from the questionnaires was transferred to a shared folder in the desktop computer. The output of the scanner was then checked for consistency, omission, skips and other errors; the data was not transferred to the database until all such errors were corrected.
Data appraisal
Quality Assurance: With a projected housing units interviews of 77,400 and the deployment of fieldstaff of over 520 enumerators and 142 supervisors, spread across the 36 states of the Federation and FCT, Abuja, one of the main challenges of the survey was how to manage the non-sampling errors that were likely to occur in such a hugs exercise. The challenge was met through (i) carefully planned recruitment and selection of high quality and competent field staff (ii) elaborate, intensive and effective training of field staff (iii) close and effective supervision and monitoring of fieldwork (iv) fortnightly review of fieldwork with the state officers (v) good control of data entry and processing. Coordination of Fieldwork: The survey took advantage of one of NBS infrastructures for survey taking, namely, the network of field offices. Under its zonal arrangement, a number of states were grouped together to constitute a zone. Presently, NBS operates six zones. Each zone is headed by a Zonal Controller who, amongst other responsibilities, coordinates field operations within the zone. The state officers take responsibility for fieldwork in their respective states. Thus, for the CWIQ survey, while the state officers were made to coordinate fieldwork in their respective states, the zonal controllers, on the other hand, were charged with the responsibilities of monitoring and coordinating fieldwork in their respective zones. Specifically, the state officers were responsible for the sensitization of the LG chairpersons and community leaders. They coordinated fieldwork, coordinated retrieval of records, took custody of and ensured proper distribution of survey materials/equipment, provided logistic support for fieldwork, collected and paid field staff allowances and generally, attended to other related issues encountered by their teams. Monitoring of Fieldwork: The fieldwork was monitored at several levels. At the outset of fieldwork, some of the NBS headquarters staff who conducted training at the 2nd level stayed on and monitored data quality during the first week of the fieldwork i.e. the week immediately after the training. Thereafter, the state officers assumed full responsibility for the quality of fieldwork in their respective states. Within each state, a monitoring team was constituted. The teams of supervisors and enumerators were shared between members of the monitoring team. Each monitoring officer was responsible for data quality in the assigned team(s). Amongst others, they made field visits to the team(s) to control data quality, received completed questionnaires and subjected them to further review before submitting satisfactorily completed questionnaires to the state coordinator. The Zonal Controllers monitored the quality of fieldwork within their respective zones. They ensured that all the states within their zones were visited at least once before the end of the fieldwork. A monitoring programme was packaged to serve as guidelines for all the three different layers of monitoring officers. The Independent Monitors appointed by the WB also monitored the fieldwork throughout the states. Their comments and observations were directed towards the collection of good quality data.
Distributor information
| Organization name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS | NBS | FEDERAL GOVT. OF NIGERIA |
Data Access
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics (Nbs) | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng | feedback@nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | The confidentiality of the individual respondent is protected by law (Statistical Act 2007) This is published in the Official Gazette of the Federal republic of Nigeria No. 60 vol. 94 of 11th June 2007. See section 26 para.2. Punitive measures for breeches of confidentiality are outlined in section 28 of the same Act. |
A comprehensive data access policy is been developed by NBS, however section 27 of the Statistical Act 2007outlines the data access obligation of data producers which includes the realease of properly anonymized micro data.
National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria, Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire Survey 2006-v.1.2
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
(c) NBS 2007
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| G.O Adewoye | Director Census & Surveys | goadewoye@nigerianstat.gov.ng | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| A.N.Adewimbi | Head of Information and Comnucation Technology Department | taadewnmbi@nigerianstat.gov.ng | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| R.F Busari | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng | ||
| Biyi Fafunmi | Data Curator | biyifafunmi@nigerianstat.gov.ng | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| A.A Akinsanya | Data Archivist | paakinsanya@nigerianstat.gov.ng | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
| National Bureau of Statistics (Nbs) | feedback@nigerianstat.gov.ng | http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng |
Metadata production
DDI-NGA-CWIQ-2006-v1.2
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | NBS | Federal Government of Nigeria | Major National Producer of Statistics |
2008-08-30
Metadata version
ver1.2