Nigeria - Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS2)-1999, Second Round

Nigeria Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS2)-1999

Second Round

Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - Round 2 [hh/mics-2]

As a means of monitoring progress toward the goals and objectives set at the World summit for Children for the year 2000, UNICEF in coordination with WHO, UNDP and other international organizations, developed a core set of 75 indicators of specific aspects of the situation of children. Data on these indicators are collected through a Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), a global survey developed by UNICEF to measure the

output, outcome and impact of implementation of country programmes of cooperation.

The first MICS in Nigeria was conducted in 1995 by the Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) now National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) with technical assistance from UNICEF. The Nigeria MICS 1999 represents the second MICS in Nigeria and was designed to provide end-decade information on many of the indicators. As in the previous MICS, the present survey (MICS2) was implemented by the Federal Office of Statistics now National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) with technical assistance from UNICEF.

ID Number NGA-NBS-MICS2-1999-V1.0

The household questionnaire consists of :

Sex

Age

Relationship to headof household

School attendance

Marital status

Literacy and

Occupation.

The household/women’s questionnaire administered in each household and for women aged 15-49.

• Water and sanitation

• Salt iodisation

• Children education

• Fertlity and Child Mortality

• Tetanus Toxoid

• Maternal Mortality

• Care of Acute Respiratory Illness

• Prenatal/Childbirth/Obstetrics, and

• Family Planning

The children’s questionnaire

• Diarrhoea

• Vitamin A

• Malaria

• Breastfeeding

• Immunization

• Child’s Rights, and,

• Anthropometry

Topic	Vocabulary	URI
consumption/consumer behaviour [1.1]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
economic conditions and indicators [1.2]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
income, property and investment/saving [1.5]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
rural economics [1.6]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
employment [3.1]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
basic skills education [6.1]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
compulsory and pre-school education [6.2]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
post-compulsory education [6.5]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
general health [8.4]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
health care and medical treatment [8.5]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
specific diseases and medical conditions [8.9]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
housing [10.1]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
children [12.1]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
elderly [12.2]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
family life and marriage [12.5]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
gender and gender roles [12.6]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
community, urban and rural life [13.1]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
social behaviour and attitudes [13.6]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
social conditions and indicators [13.8]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
fertility [14.2]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
morbidity and mortality [14.4]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common

Nigeria is Africa's most populous nation with an estimated 1999 population of 124 million. The country is located in West Africa, bordered on the west by the Republic of Benin, on the north by the Republic of Niger and on the East by the Republic of Cameroun. The country occupies a land area of 923, 768 square kilometres and the vegetation ranges from mangrove forest on the coast to desert in the far north.

Administratively, Nigeria consists of 36 states and a Federal Capital territory. These are further divided into 774 local government areas (LGA). For most of her history since independence in 1960, Nigeria has been under military rule. Nigeria returned to democratic rule in May 1999 under a presidential system of government with three tiers of government: federal, state and local. The federal government comprises an executive arm (led by the President), a bicameral legislative arm (Senate and House of Representatives) and a judiciary. Each state has its own governor and house of assembly while each local government has a chairman and council.

The country has abundant natural resources. Major agricultural products include cocoa, rubber, groundnuts, palm oil, cotton, cassava, yam, corn, millet and rice. Mineral resources include petroleum, coal, tin, columbite and gold. However, petroleum has been the mainstay of foreign exchange earnings for Nigeria in the last three decades. Indeed, Nigeria is the sixth largest producer of crude oil in the world and earns several billion US dollars annually from sales of crude oil alone. However, this has not translated to a healthy national economy due to decades of mismanagement and corruption under dictatorial government by successive military regimes. Thus, at the end of the decade (1999), GDP was only US $310. Nigeria's external debt stood at about $32 billion and it was estimated that the government spends about 40% of its earnings servicing foreign debts. The economic hardship during the 1990's meant that social sector spending was far less than required. The health and education sectors, in particular, were deprived of much needed support and funding. It is only with the advent of democratic governance at the end of the decade that the social sector started receiving increased attention.

Nigeria has one of the most ethnically-diverse populations in the world, with more than 380 distinct ethnic groups. The major ethnic groups include (in alphabetical order) the Edo, Efik, Fulani, Hausa, Igbo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Tiv, Urhobo and Yoruba. Population growth has been quite rapid, from 55.7 million in the 1963 national census to 88.5 million in the 1991 census. For much of this period, total fertility rate was over 6 per woman. The population is quite young with 47 percent being under 18 years of age. Children under the age of five years comprise about 20 percent of the population and women of child bearing age another 20 percent of the population.

Under-five mortality has remained over 100 per thousand over the 1990's, being 192 per thousand in 1990 (NDHS 1990) and 147 per thousand in 1995 (MICS 1995). Maternal mortality ratio was estimated to be 800 per thousand in 1995 (The Progress of Nations 1995). Over one-third (36 percent) of under-five children were underweight in 1990. Thus, social indicators show that Nigeria is a country with low GDP, high external debt burden, high child and maternal mortality and high fertility.

2.1 Sample Design

2.1.1 Introduction of NISH Design 1993/99

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 1999 was run as a module of the National Integrated Survey of Households (NISH) design. NISH is the Nigerian version of the United Nations National Household Survey Capability Programme and is a multi-subject household based survey system. It is an ongoing programme of household based surveys enquiring into various aspects of households, including housing, health, education and employment. The programme started in 1981 after a pilot study in 1980. The design utilizes a probability sample drawn using a random sampling method at the national and sub-national levels.

The main features of the NISH design are:

Multi-Phase Sampling: In each state 800 EAs were selected with equal probability as first phase samples. A second phase sample of 200 EAs was selected with probability proportional to size.

Multi-Stage Sampling Design: A two-stage design was used. Enumeration Areas were used as the first stage sampling units and Housing Units (HUs) as the second stage sampling units.

Replicated Rotatable Design: Two hundred EAs were selected in each state in 10 independent replicates of 20 EAs per replicate. A rotation was imposed which ensured 6 replicates to be studied each survey year but in subsequent year a replicate is dropped for a new one, that is, a rotation of 1/6 was applied. This means in a survey year, 120 EAs will be covered in each state. In the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja), 60 EAs are covered.

Master Sample: The EAs and HUs selected constitute the Master Sample and subsets were taken for various surveys depending on the nature of the survey and the sample size desired. In any one-year, the 120 EAs are randomly allocated to the 12 months of the year for the survey. The General Household Survey (GHS) is the core module of NISH. Thus, every month 10 EAs are covered for the GHS. For other supplemental modules of NISH, subsets of the master sample are used. The MICS 1999 was run as a module of NISH.

2.1.2 Sample Size

The global MICS design anticipated a sample of 300-500 households per district (domain). This was based on the assumption of a cluster design with design effect of about 2, an average household size of 6, children below the age of 5 years constituting 15 percent of the population and a diarrhoea prevalence of 25 percent. Such a sample would give estimates with an error margin of about 0.1 at the district level. Such a sample would usually come from about 10 clusters of 40 to 50 households per cluster.

In Nigeria, the parameters are similar to the scenario described above. Average household size varied from 3.0 to 5.6 among the states, with a national average of about 5.5. Similarly, children below 5 years constituted between 15-16 percent of total population. Diarrhoea prevalence had been estimated at about 15 percent. These figures have led to sample sizes of between 450 and 660 for each state.

It was decided that a uniform sample of 600 households per state be chosen for the survey. Although non-response, estimated at about 5 percent from previous surveys reduced the sample further, most states had 550 or more households. The MICS sample was drawn from the National Master Sample for the 1998/99 NISH programme implemented by the Federal Office of Statistics (FOS).

The sample was drawn from 30 EAs in each state with a sub-sample of 20 households selected per EA. The design was more efficient than the global MICS design which anticipated a cluster sub-sample size of 40-50 households per cluster. Usually, when the sub-sample size was reduced by half and the number of clusters doubled, a reduction of at least 20 percent in the design effect was achieved. This was derived from DEFF = 1 + (m-1) rho where m is sub-sample size and rho is intra-class correlation. Therefore, the design effect for the Nigerian MICS was about 1.6 instead of 2. This means that for the same size of 600 households, the error margin was reduced by about 10 percent, but where the sample was less than 600 the expected error margin would be achieved.

It should be noted that sampling was based on the former 30 states plus a Federal Capital Territory administrative structure [there are now 36 states and a Federal Capital Territory].

2.1.3 Selection of Households

The global design anticipated either the segmenting of clusters into small areas of approximate 40-45 households and randomly selecting one so that all households within such area was covered or using the random walk procedure in the cluster to select the 40-45 households. Neither of the two procedures was employed. For the segmentation method, it was not difficult to see that the clustering effect could be increased, since, in general, the smaller the cluster the greater the design effect. With such a system, DEFF would be higher than 2, even if minimally. The random walk method, on the other hand, could be affected by enumerator bias, which would be difficult to control and not easily measurable.

For NISH surveys, the listing of all housing units in the selected EAs was first carried out to provide a frame for the sub-sampling. Systematic random sampling was thereafter used to select the sample of housing units. The GHS used a sub-sample of 10 housing units but since the MICS required 20 households, another supplementary sample of 10 housing units was selected and added to the GHS sample. All households in the sample housing units were interviewed, as previous surveys have shown that a housing unit generally contained one household.

Name	Abbreviation	Affiliation	Role
National Bureau of Statistics	NBS	Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)	Metadata Producer

2009-11-17 Version 1.0 (November, 2009)

DDI-NGA-NBS-MICS2-1999-V1.0